Oracle SCM Functional Interview Questions: Inventory

Inventory

Part-1

1.       What are different planning methods in Inventory

There are 5 different planning methods in oracle Inventory

·         Subinv Replenishment Planning

·         Min Max Planning

·         Re-order point planning

·         Kanban Planning

·         Periodic Automatic Replenishment         

2.       What are the setups for different planning method (Min-Max)

·         Setup the item in master org and assign the item to the org for which Min-Max planning is used

·         Attributes, Inv Planning method: Min-Max

·         Min-Max Qty should have been defined

·         Safety Stock method should be non MRP Planned

·         Determine what should be the status of the Requisitions created for the planning

Do this with profile option INV: Minmax Reorder Approval

·         IF Use ASL has been enabled, then Requisition will populate the supplier data from the ASL setup which is assigned to the item

Sourcing rules can be defined for this

Then need to assign sourcing rule to the item

·         In Inventory responsibility, under Planning run the Min Max planning report with required parameter

3.       What is the concurrent program for the planning

·         Min Max planning report under planning menu in Inventory responsibility

4.       What are the setups for expense item?

·         Should not be Inventory Item

·         No Stockable

·         No Transactable

·         No Costing, Inv Asset

5.       How many key flexfields are there in Inventory?

Seven KFF are there in Inventory

·         Account Alias

·         Item

·         Item Category

·         Item Catalogues

·         Stock Locators

·         Sales Order

·         Service Items

6.       What is the use of sales order KFF?

·         This is used during material transaction when source is Sales Order

·         Segments are Sales order Number.Sales Order Type.Sales Order Source

7.       How we can have the item key flexfield with 2 segments, is it possible, if yes then how, if no then why?

·         This can be modified using Flexfield>Key> Segments

·         Query the System Items, then you can modify the existing structure, or you can add a new one.

8.       How will you inactivate the Inventory locations

·         By giving Inactive date in the Location form

9.       What all setups you have done in inventory organization implementation

·         Location

·         Calendar

·         Organization

·         Parameter

·         Cost Group

·         Subinventory

·         Stock Locator

·         Receiving Options

·         Shipping Networks

·         Intercompany Transaction flows

·         Cost Subelements

Part - 2

1.        What are the valuation accounts used in Inventory

•          Material      An asset account that tracks material cost. For average costing, this account holds your inventory and intransit values. Once you perform transactions, you cannot change this account.
•          Material Overhead An asset account that tracks material overhead cost.
•          Resource     An asset account that tracks resource cost.
•          Overhead    An asset account that tracks resource and outside processing overheads.
•          Outside processing An asset account that tracks outside processing cost.
•          Expense       The expense account used when tracking a non-asset item

Other Accounts

•          Sales             The profit and loss (income statement) account that tracks the default revenue account.
•          Cost of Goods Sold The profit and loss (income statement) account that tracks the default cost of goods sold account.
•          Purchase Price Variance       The variance account used to record differences between purchase order price and standard cost. This account is not used with the average cost method.
•          Inventory A/P Accrual           The liability account that represents all inventory purchase order receipts not matched in Accounts Payable, such as the uninvoiced receipts account.
•          Invoice Price Variance           The variance account used to record differences between purchase order price and invoice price. This account is used by Accounts Payable to record invoice price variance.
•          Encumbrance            An expense account used to recognize the reservation of funds when a purchase order is approved.
•          Average Cost Variance          Under average costing with negative quantity balances, this account represents the inventory valuation error caused by issuing your inventory before your receipts.

2.        What is ABC Analysis and why it is being used

•          ABC Analysis is an Inventory categorization method to categorize items into 3 different classes A being the most valuable and C being the least valuable ones.
•          Using this Analysis, it will be easy to monitor and keep on track of the valuable items like frequently doing cycle counts on A class items, etc.

3.        What are the process of cycle count

•          Create a cycle count header with required data
•          Assign the items to be counted
•          Then run the required cycle count report
•          Using the report do the cycle counts
•          Then go and Approve the cycle count

4.        What is the different in MO Issue and MO Transfer

•          MO Issue will move out the stock from inventory against an account
•          MO transfer will move the stock from one subinventory to other

5.        What is the Picking rule in Inventory

•          Picking Rule is used to determine the list of items for sales order/ shipping based on the revision, Lot, Subinventory and Locator.
•          Assign the required Picking Rule to the item in Order Management tab.

6.        What are the criteria in Cycle count

           Depending on the requirement, we can trigger cycle count.

           We can define regular cycle count of high values items.

           If back ordered or pick denied, we can trigger cycle count for those items. 

6.        What are the diff in Lot and Serial

          Lot control is to control a whole batch of items. for example in drug industry we have batch number which           can be controlled using lot where we can track the complete batch using specific data.

          Serial control is to monitor and track every single qty of an item like electronic devices where we track by           serial number.

6.        What are the material status in a subinventory
7.        What is Physical Inventory

Part - 3

1. What is move order in OM

Move orders generated as part of Pick Wave are the ones from Sales order

2. How a MO is diff from Subinv transfer

Ans: MO generally are the request of movement of items in one organization. It may be of from 3 sources, MO requisition, Replenish MO, Pick Wave MO. MO can be MO Issue which will issue the item from the location and MO transfer which ll transfer the item to another location.

3. What is nettable in Subinventory setup

This will detrrmine whether to consider the onhands of the subinventory as available for planning tasks.

4. What are the status attributes in Item and how many of them

We can define different status for an item combination these attributes as per the business need

Following are the attributes

BOM Enabled

Build in WIP

Customer order enabled

Internal Order enabled

Invoicable

Purchasable

Stockable

Transactable 

5. What is the use of status attribute

We can define different status for an item combination these attributes as per the business need

6. Why master org is required

So that we can have an item maintained at master level with common attributes and then we can use the same item across multiple organization instead of defining it again and again. 

7. Inventory Master org is mandatory?

Yes. If you will not create any specific master org, then system will consider the same inv org as its master org.

8. What are the Lot control setups

Lot control can be setup at item attributes at organization level.

Either No Control or Full Control

9. How lot number generates

You can generate new Lot numbers during transactions

10. What is serial controlled and what are the setups

Serial control can be setup at item attributes at organization level.

11. How serial numbers are generated

Serial control can be setup at item attributes at organization level.

No Control, At Receipt, At Sales Order issue, Predefined

12. What is the predefined locator in Subinventory and how it works in business

We can setup locator control in 4 diff ways for each subinventory

None: There will not be any locator information required during any transaction

Prespecified: System will ask you to select locator combinations which already been defined in the subinventory during the transaction

Dynamic Entry: Either you can select any locator during transaction or you can create a new combination

Item Level: This will take the locator which has been defined at item attribute level

13. What are the transaction managers

Transaction manager is the inetrface managers which carry out all transaction once submitted by the users

14. Can we change the item name after it created?

Ans: Yes we can change the name in master level.

Part -4

1. How WMS is helpful compared to Inventory

Ans: Warehouse Management (WMS) enables companies to maximize their utilization of labor, space and equipment investments by coordinating and optimizing resource usage and material flows. Specifically designed to support the needs of distribution, manufacturing, asset-intensive, and service businesses, Oracle WMS provides a single-platform across your entire global supply chain.
2. What functionality in inventory uses the calendar
3. What is the diff in inv and wms from accounting perspective
4. What is the use of WMS Rules Workbench
Ans: The Rules workbench enables you to assign strategies, rules and cost group values directly to any number of objects in an assignment matrix
5. Why strategy used
Ans: After you define your rules, you must set up a strategy and then associate the applicable rules. After you assign rules to a strategy, the rules engine can execute the strategies on any objects to which the strategy applies. The rules engine executes each subsequent rule in your strategy until an allocation is completely filled.
6. How many types of bar codes are there
Ans: Mainly 2 types Linear (1 dimensional) and Matrix (2D)

Part - 5

1. What is an item?
An item is a part or services where you can Purchase, Sell, Plan, Manufacture, Stock, Distribute and Prototype.
Items can also be containers for items as well as components you build into other items.

2. Explain Item Master Organization?
An item master organization is a logical entity where you define the item. After you define an item in the item master, you can assign it to any number of other organizations.

3. Define Inventory Organization?
It is a facility which will enable you to store and transact the items. It can be a manufacturing unit, ware house, distribution center etc.

4. What is a subinventory?
Subinventiries are unique physical or logical separations of material inventory. These can be raw material, finished goods or defective material subinventory. You must define at least one subinventory. Subinventories are of two types: storage and receiving
Storage subinventories are intermediate or final put away locations for material. Material that resides in a storage subinventory appears in on hand quantity, and is tracked by the system. The system can book orders against, and use manufacturing processes on material that resides in a storage subinventory. You must define at least one storage subinventory for your implementation.
Receiving type subinventory is only used for receiving items. Items in this subinventories cannot be on-hand or reserved

5. In which table does the subinventory related information for an item is stored?
MTL_SECONDARY_INVENTORIES

MTL_ITEM_SUB_INVENTORIES

6. What is a stock locator?
Locators are structures within subinventories. Locators are the third level in the enterprise structuring scheme of Oracle Inventory. Locators may represent rows, racks, or bins in warehouses. You can transact items into and out of locators. You can restrict the life of locators, establish capacity of a specific locator in weight or units, as well as specify dimensions which define a locator’s capacity by volume.

7. What are the Key flex fields in oracle Inventory?
Oracle Inventory provides the following flexfields:
System Items, Item Catalogs, Item Categories, Stock Locators, Account Alias and Sales Order

8. What are the basic steps involved in defining an item?
Create an item in the item master form
Copy the template from the tools menu to assign specific attributes to the item and save it.
Assign the item to a category from tools menu and save your work
Select organization assignment from tools menu and assign the item to different inventory organizations by ticking the checkbox next to the inventory organizations.

9. What are item attributes?
Item attributes are the collection of information about an item. These are used to store specific characteristics of an item, such as item status, unit of measure, revision control, etc. these can be controlled at either the master or the organization level. These attributes are stored in a table named MTL_ITEM_ATTRIBUTES

10. What is the use of item template?
An Item template is a set of attributes that enable the user to quickly create an Item. You can use the existing templates are you can create your custom template.

11. What is an item category and category set?
A category is a logical classification of items that have similar characteristics.
A category set is a distinct grouping scheme and consists of multiple categories. An item can belong to any number of category sets. We can assign item to one category within each category set. The categories can be retrieved from the table ‘MTL_CATEGORIES_B‘ and item category set from ‘MTL_CATEGORY_SETS_B’.

12. Explain unit of measure (UOM) and UOM class?
The unit of measure (UOM) helps us count the number of items involved in a transaction or the number of items that are stored in a subinventory or a locator.
UOM classes let you group different UMO’s into one category. Eg, quantitycould be a UOM class under which each, dozen, lot etc are separate UOM’s.

13. Explain shipping method?
Shipping methods are the way you ship material. When you create a shipping method, you must enable it before you can use it in a shipping network. If you disable a shipping method, it cannot be used in a shipping network.

14. Describe Interorganization Shipping Networks
An inter-organization shipping network describes the relationships and accounting information between a shipping organization and a destination organization. You must define a shipping network between two organizations before you can transfer material between organizations. When you set up a shipping network you must select a transfer type:Intransit or Direct.
Intransit: Oracle Inventory moves material to an intermediary state before it reaches the destination organization. After the material arrives at the destination organization, you will need a receipt transaction to retrieve it. If intransit is selected, you can define:
Shipping Methods, GL Accounts to use in transit, Material ownership during transfer, Planning lead times and Transfer Charges
Direct: Oracle Inventory moves the material directly to the destination organization. However, for both transfer types, you can determine default receipt routing and whether internal orders are required to transfer material

15. In which tables are the transactional details are stored?

MTL_MATERIAL_TRANSACTIONS
MTL_TRANSACTIONS_INTERFACE
MTL_MATERIAL_TRANSACTIONS_TEMP
MTL_TRANSACTION_ACCOUNTS

16. What is revision control in Oracle Inventory?
A revision is a particular version of an item, bill of material, or routing. Revision control is normally enabled for identifying a modified item. Item can be placed under revision control by checking the box `Revision control` in Inventory tab while defining new item or for existing item. Base table for Item Revision is MTL_ITEM_REVISIONS.

17. What is Picking Order of Subinventory or Locator? Where will you define the order?
The value indicates the priority with which we pick items from subinventory or Locator, relative to another subinventory or locator, where a given item resides. A picking order of 1 means that order entry functions pick items from the subinventory or locator before others with a higher number (such as 2,3 and so on).
The subinventory order is defined in the subinventory definition and the locator order is defined in the locator definition. The default order for both the subinventory and the locator are defined in the organization.

18. What are the different inventory transactions?
A transaction is an item movement within, into or out of inventory. A transaction changes the quantity and location of an item
The following are the different inventory transactions:
Receive an item into an organization from GL account number
Issue an item from an organization into a GL account number
Transfer items from one subinventory to other in the same organization.
Transfer of items between various inventory organizations
Reservation of items

19. Describe various inventory transaction types?
Miscellaneous transaction: This transaction is used to do adjustments in stock due to damage, obsolescence, issuing items for R & D or issuing track able expense items.
Subinventory transfer: This transaction is used to transfer goods from one subinventory to another within the same inventory organization.
InterORG transfer: This transaction is used to transfer goods from one inventory organization to another.
Receiving transaction: This transaction is used to move goods from receiving dock to specified subinventory and locator.
Sales issue: This transaction is used to move goods from pick subinventory to staged subinventory.
WIP issue: This transaction is used to issue materials against production orders

20. What is the difference between a subinventory transfer and a move order?
Both these transactions are used for the movement of items from one subinventory to the other. The difference is that move order generates a pick slip and a subinventory transfer doesn’t.
Move order requires ‘approval’. Also, move orders create allocations. So you can place hold on the material with the intention of picking it up a little later. In subinventory transfer, there is no reservation / allocation.

21. What are the Components used in Customizing a Transaction?
The following are the three components used in a transaction
Transaction Source Type
Transaction Action
Transaction Type
A Transaction Source Type and a Transaction Action come together to form a Transaction Type.

22. What is a Transaction source type?
A Transaction Source Type is defined as an entity against which Oracle Inventory charges a transaction. The following transaction source types come seeded with Oracle Inventory:
Purchase Order
Account Alias
Move Order
Internal Order
Standard Cost Update
Internal Requisition
Sales Order
Cycle Count
Periodic Cost Update
Physical Inventory
Account
RMA (Return Material Authorization)
Inventory
Job or Schedule

23. What is a transaction type?
A transaction type is a combination of a transaction source type and a transaction action. It is used to classify a particular transaction for reporting and querying purposes. Ex:
Sales order issue (txn type) + issue from stores (txn action) = sales order (txn source type)
Move order transfer (txn type) + subinventory transfer (txn action) = move order (txn source type)

24. Name any four purposes where miscellaneous transaction can be used?
Cycle count adjustment, Physical inventory adjustment, adjusting inventory quantity within an inventory organization and decrementing on-hand balances from a subinvemtory

25. Explain inventory control?
Inventory Control is the process by which inventory is measured and regulated according to predetermined norms such as economic lot size for order or production, safety stock, minimum level, maximum level, order level etc.

26. What are the objectives of inventory control?
To meet unforeseen future demand due to variation in forecast figures and actual figures.
To average out demand fluctuations due to seasonal or cyclic variations.
To meet the customer requirement timely, effectively, efficiently, smoothly and satisfactorily.
To smoothen the production process.
To facilitate intermittent production of several products on the same facility.
To gain economy of production or purchase in lots.
To reduce loss due to changes in prices of inventory items.
To meet the time lag for transportation of goods.
To meet the technological constraints of production/process.

27. What are the factors that affect inventory control?
Type of product
Type of manufacture
Volume of production

28. Define ABC analysis?
ABC analysis determines the relative value of a group of inventory items based on a user specified valuation criterion.
This technique divides inventory into three categories A, B & C based on their annual consumption value.
It is also known as Selective Inventory Control Method (SIM)

29. What is consignment inventory?
Consignment Inventory is inventory that is in the possession of the customer, but is still owned by the supplier. In other words, the supplier places some of his inventory in his customer’s possession (in their store or warehouse) and allows them to sell or consume directly from his stock. The customer purchases the inventory only after he has resold or consumed it. The key benefit to the customer should be obvious; he does not have to tie up his capital in inventory. This does not mean that there are no inventory carrying costs for the customer; he does still incur costs related to storing and managing the inventory

30. What are the different planning methods available in Oracle?
Re-order point planning
Min-Max planning
Kanban cards
Subinventory replenishment planning

31. When should the material be ordered?
When on-hand quantity + supply – demand is less than safety stock (safety stock is nothing but minimum inventory level)
[On-hand quantity] + [supply] – [demand] < [min inventory level]

32. Explain re-order point planning?
Reorder point planning uses demand forecasts to decide when to order a new quantity to replenish inventory. Reorder point planning suggests a new order for an item when the available quantity (on-hand quantity plus planned receipts) drops below the item’s safety stock level plus forecast demand for the item during its replenishment lead-time. The suggested order quantity is an economic order quantity that minimizes the total cost of ordering and carrying inventory. Oracle Inventory can automatically generate requisitions to inform your purchasing department that a replenishment order is required to supply your organization.

If the forecast is correct and the order arrives on time, the inventory level should be right at the safety stock level at the time of receipt. In cases where the desired safety stock level changes during the order lead time, Oracle Inventory uses the largest safety stock quantity during the lead-time.

When an order is triggered, the EOQ is the size of the triggered order.

EOQ = square root of: [(2 X annual demand X order cost) / (carrying cost percent X Unit cost)]

Oracle Inventory calculates annual demand as the current demand rate annualized by multiplying the current period demand forecast by the number of periods per year (12 or 13).

Reorder point planning can be performed at the organization level only.

33. Explain min-max planning technique?
Min-Max planning is a tool for planning inventory that looks at user-defined minimum and maximum inventory levels. It does not consider lead times.
We can perform this technique at org level or subinventory level

34. Define cycle counting and explain its use in oracle inventory?
Cycle Counting is a process of periodic counting of individual item / all the items throughout the course of the year to ensure the accuracy of inventory quantities and values.
We can do the cycle counting at Organization / Sub Inventory Level.
Cycle count is used to:
To reconcile system on-hand balances with actual counts in inventory
Maintain control over the items that have higher value

35. When do you perform physical inventory and explain the steps involved in it?
Physical inventory can be performed, whenever there is a need to verify the accuracy of system on-hand quantities. This can be done for entire organization or can be confined to a specific subinventory.
Steps to perform physical inventory:
Define physical inventory
Take a snapshot of system on-hand quantities
Generate physical inventory tags
Enter counts
Do physical inventory adjustments by approving or rejecting
Post adjustments
Purge physical inventory information

References:

http://www.learnoracle.in/2014/05/oracle-scm-functional-interview_18.html